Materials:
Newspapers to cover desks
Assorted old crayons
White 60# 9 x 12 or 12 x 18 drawing paper
Black tempera paint and brush
Facial tissue
Scratch-Art® Scratch knives SK-2 or SK-SET
Newsprint or newspaper
Tissues, sponges |
Antique Crayon
Artwork by LaNell Gallagher's
6 Grade Class
East Amwell Twp
Hunterdon County NJ
Submitted by Kay Casavant,
Retired Art Teacher Delware Twp.
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Procedure:
1) Create an example to motivate your students.
2) Select a picture or image for source material. Pictures can be laminated and stored in a picture file.
3) With pencil, center and draw the image on the white drawing paper.
4) Once the image is drawn, continue to use the pencil to create a background design using line. Students should be encouraged to explore contour lines, horizontal or diagonal lines, zigzag, wavy etc. These lines will create a focal point for your image. This design will eventually be used to add scratched-in-details that symbolize the image—i.e. if the image is a dog you might add dog prints, bones, collars, water dishes etc. using the scratch knife.
5) Next, using a black permanent marker, trace over all of the pencil lines.
6) Now, cover the desks with paper. The images will need three layers of crayon.
7) Start with the lightest color, which will show up as the scratched lines, follow with the second color, and then cover this with a third layer of crayon. For example if the dog should be shown as brown, then you start with yellow, put orange over the yellow and top it with brown. Color only one image at a time. Do not color all parts at the same time. This is not a traditional sgraffito drawing.
8) As students progress you can discuss color and how contrasting colors will create focal points:balance, value, shape, pattern, movement, rhythm, etc.
9) As student finish the coloring phase, check to see that all areas are heavy with crayon, especially any white areas. It is useful to go over a white area to make sure it is completely colored with three layers.
10) Once the crayon is completely applied the piece is ready for the application of paint. With a brush and black tempera paint (in a small dish) students apply the paint in one corner, then wipe it off until all or most of the paint is removed. Remove this process until all areas are antiqued with the black tempera paint. Try an experiment on one edge to make sure the paint will wipe away using a facial tissue.
11) Next take a large sponge that has been squeezed out and wipe off the ink. I do this twice for my 6th graders. Rinse the sponge out each time.
12) Now it’s time to add scratched details with the scratch knives. The Scratch-Art SK-2 scratch knife is a great tool to use. You might also try the entire assortment found in the SK-SET, which includes 1 penholder and 7 different scratch knife nibs. Start with the main image and begin to scratch or outline each image. If it has hair, scratch in the hair, or if a fish, scratch scales until you have added texture and contrast in the figure. Do not scratch out total areas, this tends to tear the paper and create a lot of crayon scrapes. Depending upon your image, select symbols to detail your background. If it is a fish you can consider adding in sea grass, seaweed, bubbles etc.
13) When you have completed the scratching, take a few tissues and polish the wax surface carefully. Be careful not to rip or create folds around the edges. Don’t forget to scratch in the student’s name, class, date.
14) An assessment sheet can be filled out by the student, listing the elements of Art—value, color, form, shape, line, space and texture, used and how these elements are combined to produce the Principles of Design such as contrast, rhythm, unity, emphasis, pattern, movement, and balance.
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